Automobile nomenclature, including names of car parts and items of terminology; from the Report of the Nomenclature division, adopted by the Society, Aug. 1, 1916

GIFT OF

The

Society of Automobile

ii * .— ,

Engineers

29 W. 39th St., New York

AUTOMOBILE NOMENCLATURE

Including Names of Car Parts and
Items of Terminology

From the Report of the
Nomenclature Division, adopted by the Society, Aug. 1, 1916

Sept.
1916

N

S.A.E. STANDARD AUTOMOBILE
NOMENCLATURE

For several years there has been an insistent demand for standard-
ization of names of car parts. Uniformity in the use of names and
terminology would save many of the delays common in parts re-
placement service, and make for clearness and brevity in the use of
automobile terms generally.

The nomenclature contained in the following list was developed
at a series of meetings of engineering and service representatives of
several of the leading automobile manufacturers of America. It
has been approved in detail by the Nomenclature Division of the
Standards Committee, and has been passed upon in turn by the
Standard Committee, the Council and adopted by the members of the
Society of Automobile Engineers.

An attempt has been made to include in the list the more important
parts throughout the whole car, bolts, studs and the like being indi-
cated in general terms. Body parts have not been included generally
nor parts of some units such as carbureter, which vary so much in
construction as to make anything like uniform nomenclature very
difficult.

Definitions of different types of construction have been included
for several units in order to encourage uniform terminology in de-
scriptions appearing in the trade press and in catalogs, as well as in
the technical discussions of the Society. Definitions of different types
of bodies are also included, because it is thought that some authority
should take action to make possible the use of names which will be
understood generally, rather than those which are meaningless except
to persons conversant with the terminology peculiar to individual
manufacturers. It is surprising how many distinctly different types
of body are being sold under the name "brougham," for instance.

A scheme of classification based entirely on assemblies is imprac-
ticable for general use, on account of diverse arrangement of elements
of so-called conventional cars. The classification adopted is there-
fore based largely on function.

In most cases the names do not need defining to anyone familiar
with automobile construction, especially when considered in connec-
tion with the other names in the same group.

For spring nomenclature see sheets 49, 49xa and 49b in the
S.A.E. Handbook. (Reprints furnished upon request.)

GENERAL DIVISIONS

I Cylinders

II Valves

III Cooling System

IV Fuel System

V Exhaust System

3

o t .\ o i

General Divisions — Continued

VI Lubrication

VII Ignition

VIII Starting and Lighting Equipment

IX Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment

X Clutch

XI Transmission

XII Rear Axle

XIII Braking System

XIV Front Axle and Steering
XV Wheels

XVI Frame and Springs

XVII Hoods, Fenders and Shields

XVIII Body and Top

XIX Accessories

DIVISION I — CYLINDERS

Group 1 — Cylinders
Group 2 — Crankcase
Group 3 — Crankshaft
Group 4 — Starting-crank
Group 5 — Connecting-rods
Group 6 — Pistons

DIVISION II — VALVES

Group 1 — Camshaft
Group 2 — Valves

DIVISION III — COOLING SYSTEM

Group 1 — Fan

Group 2 — Radiator

Group 3 — Pump

Group 4 — Pipes and Hose

DIVISION IV — FUEL SYSTEM

Group 1 — Carbureter and Inlet Pipe
Group 2 — Carbureter Control
Group 3 — Carbureter Air-heater
Group 4— Fuel Tank
Group 5 — Fuel Pipes and Feed System

DIVISION V — EXHAUST SYSTEM

Group 1 — Exhaust Manifold

Group 2— Exhaust Pipe and Muffler

DIVISION VI — LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Group 1 — Oil Pan or Reservoir

Group 2 — Oil Pump

Group 3 — Oil Pipes, Strainers, Gages

DIVISION VII — IGNITION

Group 1 — Spark-plugs, Cables and Switches
Group 2 — Ignition Distributor
Group 3 — Magneto
Group 4 — Ignition Control

4

DIVISION VIII — STARTING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

Group 1 — Generator
Group 2 — Starting Motor
Group 3 — Wiring
Group 4 — Battery

DIVISION IX — MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Group 1 — Lamps and Wiring

Group 2 — Switches and Instruments

Group 3 — Horn

Group 4 — Miscellaneous

DIVISION X — CLUTCH

Group 1 — Clutching Parts

Cone Clutch

Disk Clutch

Plate Clutch
Group 2 — Releasing Parts

DIVISION XI — TRANSMISSION

Group 1 — Transmission
Group 2 — Shifting Mechanism
Group 3 — Control
Group 4 — Propeller-shaft

DIVISION XII — REAR AXLE

Group 1 — Housing

Group 2 — Torque-arm and Radius-rod

Group 3 — Drive Pinion

Group 4 — Differential

Group 5— Axle Shafts

DIVISION XIII — BRAKES

Group 1 — Outer Brake

Group 2 — Inner Brake

Group 3 — Pedal (or outer) Brake Control

Group 4 — Hand (or inner) Brake Control

DIVISION XIV — FRONT AXLE AND STEERING

Group 1 — Axle Center

Group 2 — ^Steering-knuckles

Group 3 — Steering-rods

Group 4 — Steering-gear

DIVISION XV — WHEELS

Group 1 — Front Wheels
Group 2— Rear Wheels

DIVISION XVI — FRAME AND SPRINGS

Group 1 — Frame

Group 2 — Frame Brackets and Sockets

Group 3 — Front Springs

Group 4 — Rear Springs

DIVISION XVII — HOOD, FENDERS AND SHIELDS

Group 1 — Hood

Group 2 — Engine Shield

Group 3 — Fenders and Running-boards

Group 4 — Windshield

DIVISION XVIII — BODY

Group 1 — Floor-boards and Dash
Group 2 — Body
Group 3 — Upholstering
Group 4 — Top

DIVISION XIX — ACCESSORIES

Group 1 — Speedometer
Group 2 — Tire-pump

GENERAL

Where terms "front" and "rear" are used, "front" should always
be toward the front end of the car. These terms are sometimes con-
fused in regard to parts that are mounted on the dash. The front
side of the dash is alwayte that next the engine.

Where parts are numbered, No. 1 should be toward the front of
the car. For instance, No. 1 cylinder is the one nearest the radiator
(in conventional construction).

"Right" and "left" are to the right- and left-hands when sitting in
one of the seats of the car.

Studs, screws and bolts shall take names from parts they serve to
hold in place, although they are assembled with other parts. For
example, the cylinder stud is permanently screwed into crankcase but
holds the cylinder in place.

The name "engine" should be used rather than "motor" to avoid
confusion with electric motors and to secure a lower freight rate.

DIVISION I — CYLINDERS

Group 1~ Cylinders
Cylinder

L-head cylinder (valves on one side of cylinder)

T-head cylinder (valves on opposite sides of cylinder)

I-head cylinder (valves in cylinder head)

F-head cylinder (one valve in head, other on side directly oper-
ated)

(Cast in block, not cast en bloc)

(Cylinders of V-type engines should be numbered IR, IL, 2R, etc.)
Inlet-valve cap
Exhaust-valve cap

6

Group 1 — Cylinders — Continued

Valve-cap gasket
Cylinder-head

Cylinder-head gasket

Cylinder-head plug

Water-jacket top cover

Water-jacket top cover gasket

Water-jacket side (or front or rear) cover

Valve-spring cover

Valve-spring-cover casket

Valve-spring-cover stud

Valve-stem guide

Priming-cup
Group 2 — Crankcase

Crankcase

Barrel-type crankcase

Split-type crankcase (split horizontally, at or near center line of
crarikshaft)

Crankcase upper half

Crankcase lower half (used only when the lower half contains bear-
ings. A crankcase of either barrel or split type, in which all the
bearings are mounted directly on the part to which the cylinders
are attached, is called a "crankcase," the terms "upper half" and
"lower half" not being used)

Oil-pan (used for lower part of split-type or barrel-type crankcase,
whether this serves as an oil reservoir or not)

Oil-pan drain-cock (or -plug)

Breather

Oil-pan gasket

"Bushing" instead of "bearing" for removable and renewable lin-
ing used in a plain bearing.

Crankshaft front bearing bushing (upper half and lower half)

Crankshaft front bearing cap

Crankshaft front bushing support (sometimes used in barrel-type
crankcase)

Crankshaft rear bearing bushing

Crankshaft rear bearing shims (other shims accordingly)

Crankshaft center bearing bushing (if only three bearings or if all
except end bearings are alike)

Crankshaft second bearing bushing, etc. (if more than three bear-
ings, for example, front bearing, second bearing, third bearing,
fourth bearing, rear bearing)

Hand-hole cover

Hand-hole-cover gasket

Timing-gear cover

Timing-gear-cover gasket

Flywheel housing

Generator bracket (other brackets take name of part supported)

Group 3 — Crankshaft

Crankshaft

Flywheel

Crankshaft timing-gear (or sprocket)

Crankshaft timing-gear key

Flywheel starter-gear

Crankshaft starter-sprocket

Flywheel studs

Clutch-spring stud

Crankshaft starting jaw (or pin)
Group 4 — Starting-crank

Starting-crank

Starting-crank jaw

Starting-crank shaft

Starting-crank handle

Starting-crank-handle pin
Group 5 — Connecting-rods

Connecting-rod

Straight connecting-rod )

Forked connecting-rod ) V-tvPe en^ine

Connecting-rod cap

Connecting-rod bushing (upper half and lower half)

Connecting-rod cap stud (or bolt)

Connecting-rod cap nut

Connecting-rod bearing shims

Connecting-rod dipper

Piston-pin bushing
Group 6 — Pistons

Piston

Piston-pin

Piston-pin lock-screw (in connecting-rod or piston)

Piston-ring

Piston-ring groove

DIVISION II — VALVES

Group 1 — Camshaft
Camshaft

Eccentric shaft (Knight engine)
Camshaft timing-gear
Camshaft timing-gear key
Camshaft idler gear
Camshaft oil-pump gear
Camshaft ignition-distributor gear
Exhast cam
Inlet cam
Oil-pump eccentric (or cam)

8

Group 2 — Valves

Valves should be numbered 1 Ex, 1 In, 2 Ex, 2 In, etc., according to

the number of the cylinder. On V-type engines the numbers

should be 1 REx, 1 LEx, etc.
Poppet valve
Inlet valve
Exhaust valve
Valve-spring
Valve-spring retainer
Valve-spring retainer lock
Valve-lifter
Valve-lifter guide
Valve-lifter-guide clamp
Valve-lifter roller
Valve-lifter-roller pin
Valve adjusting screw
Valve adjusting screw nut
Valve-rocker (either at cam or at overhead valve; if both, upper

and lower)
Valve push-rod (intermediate between lifter and valve in I-head

engine)

DIVISION III — COOLING SYSTEM
Group 1 — Fan

Fan

Stationary fan support

Adjustable fan support

Fan hub

Fan-blades

Fan pulley

Fan-belt

Fan driving pulley
Group 2 — Radiator

Radiator core

Radiator shell

Radiator upper tank

Radiator right side

Radiator left side

Radiator lower tank

Radiator filler-cap

Radiator strainer

Radiator drain-cock
Group 3 — Pump

Water-pump

Water-pump impeller

Water-pump-impeller key

Water-pump body (in case of doubt, body is member mounted on
engine)

Water-pump cover

9

Group 3 — Pump — Continued

Water-pump shaft

Water-pump gland (part in contact with packing, whether threaded
or not)

Water-pump-gland nut (or screw, or other part used to compress
gland)

Water-pump shaft gear
Group 4 — Pipes and Hose

Engine water outlet

Engine water inlet

Radiator hose (upper and lower)

Radiator water fitting (upper and lower)

Water-pump outlet pipe

DIVISION IV — FUEL SY^EM

Group 1 — Carbureter and Inlet Pipe

Carbureter

Inlet manifold (more than one connection to cylinder)

Inlet pipe (only one connection to cylinder)

Inlet manifold or pipe gaskets (at cylinders)

Carbureter gasket.
Group 2 — Carbureter Control

(Throttle control rods will take names from parts they connect,
shafts by location or arrangement, and brackets by parts they
support)

Accelerator pedal

Accelerator pedal bracket

Accelerator pedal pin

Accelerator pedal rod

Accelerator pedal rod-end pin

Carbureter mixture hand-regulator

Carbureter choke
Group 3 — Carbureter Air-heater

Carbureter air-heater

Carbureter hot-air pipe
Group 4— Fuel Tank

Fuel tank

Fuel reserve tank

Fuel gage

Fuel gage float

Fuel gage glass

Fuel tank outlet strainer

Fuel tank outlet (flange, fitting, etc.)

Fuel tank pressure flange (or fitting)
Group 5 — Fuel Pipes and Feed Systems

Main fuel valve

Reserve fuel valve

Fuel pipe, main tank to auxiliary tank (or names of other parts
connected)

10

Fuel pressure-pump (power pump)

Fuel hand-pump

Fuel pressure-gage pipe

Fuel pressure-gage tee

Fuel pressure pipe to tank

Fuel pressure-pump pipe

Fuel hand-pump pipe

Fuel hand-pump tee

Fuel pressure gage

DIVISION V — EXHAUST SYSTEM

Group 1 — Exhaust Manifold
Exhaust manifold
Exhaust manifold gasket
Group 2 — Exhaust Pipe and Muffler

Muffler

Exhaust pipe (extends from exhaust manifold to muffler. If in more
than one part name sections front and rear. For V-type engines
with two pipes, name right and left)
Muffler outlet pipe

DIVISION VI — LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Group 1 — Oil-pan or Reservoir

Oil-pan

Oil tank (when separate)

Oil-filler strainer

Oil-filler cap
Group 2 — Oil-pump

Oil-pump

Oil-pump body (any type of pump)

Oil-pump plunger

Oil-pump-plunger spring

Oil-pump inlet valve

Oil-pump outlet valve

Oil-pump shaft

Oil-pump shaft gear (outside the pump)

Oil-pumping shaft gear (inside the pump)

Oil-pumping follower gear

Oil-pump cover
Group 3 — Oil Pipes, Strainers, Gages

(Oil pipes should be named from the parts they connect, as "Oil-
pump to pressure-gage pipe")

Circulating-oil strainer

Oil strainer cap

Sight feed

Sight-feed glass

Oil level-gage

Oil level-gage float

Oil level-gage glass

Oil pressure-gage

II

DIVISION VII — IGNITION

Group 1 — Spark-plugs, Cables and Switches

Spark-plugs

Spark-plug cables (numbered according to cylinders)

Coil high-tension cable

(Low-tension cables should be named from the parts they connect,
as: "Storage battery to ignition switch cable." In case of more
than one conductor the cable should be designated as double,
triple, etc.)

Ignition coil

Ignition switch

Dry cell (two or more cells make a dry battery)
Group 2 — Ignition Distributor

Ignition-distributor breaker

Ignition-distributor breaker-arm

Ignition-distributor breaker-arm point

Ignition-distributor fixed breaker-point

Ignition-distributor brush

Ignition-distributor shaft

Ignition-distributor shaft gear
Group 3 — Magneto

Magneto

Magneto distributor

Magneto breaker-box

Magneto breaker-arm

Magneto fixed breaker-point

Magneto breaker-arm point

Magneto distributor brush

Magneto-collector-ring brush

Magneto coupling, pump end

Magneto coupling, center member

Magneto coupling, magneto end
Group 4 — Ignition Control

Spark control rod (name parts connected)

(Other control parts named as explained under throttle control)

DIVISION VIII — STARTING AND LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

General

A one-unit system uses a starter-generator.
A two-unit system uses a generator and a starting motor.
A combined unit system uses a duplex starter-generator.
Group 1 — Generator
Generator
Generator brush
Generator brush-holder
Generator gear
Generator shaft
Generator coupling (members as indicated under magneto coupling)

12

Group 2 — Starting Motor

Starting motor

Starting-motor brush

Starting-motor brush-holder

Starting-motor pinion

Starting-motor intermediate gear

Starting-motor intermediate-gear shaft

Starting-motor intermediate pinion

Overrunning clutch
Group 3 — Wiring

(Cables and conduits should be named from parts they connect)

Starting switch

Starting-switch pedal (or lever)
Group 4 — Battery

Storage battery

Filler cap

Terminal post

Connector strip

DIVISION IX — MISCELLANEOUS ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Group 1 — Lamps and Wiring
Head-lamp
Tail-lamp
Side-lamp
Instrument lamp
Tonneau lamp
Dome lamp
Pillar lamp
Inspection lamp
Inspection-lamp cord
Inspection-lamp plug
Inspection-lamp socket
Head-lamp socket
Head-lamp support
Head-lamp support tie-rod
Tail-lamp support

(Cables and conduits should be named from the parts they connect)
Junction -box (wires not attached to box)
Junction-box screw
Junction-box cover
Fuse-box
Fuse-box cover
Fuse-block
Fuse-clip

Fuse (designated by name of part fed by circuit)
Junction panel

13

Group 2 — Switches and Instruments

Lighting switch

Ammeter

Voltmeter

Volt-ammeter

Charging indicator

Reverse current cutout

Current regulator
Group 3 — Horn

(No names have been selected for horn parts)
Group 4 — Miscellaneous

(Will include any additional electrical equipment such as electrical
gearshift)

DIVISION X — CLUTCH

General

Plate clutch (one plate clamped between two others)
Disk clutch (more than three disks)
Dry disk clutch
Lubricated disk clutch

Cone clutch (leather faced, asbestos faced)
Expanding clutch
Group 1 — Clutching Parts

Cone Clutch
Clutch cone
Clutch facing
Clutch-facing spring
Clutch-facing-spring plunger
Clutch spring
Clutch thrust-bearing
Clutch cone hub
Clutch cone bushing

Clutch-spring spider (for cone clutch with multiple springs)
Clutch-spring stud
Clutch-spring retainer
Clutch-spring nut
Clutch spindle

Clutch shaft (not attached to crankshaft)
Clutch shaft bearing (not in transmission case)

Disk Clutch

Clutch case (rotating member)

Clutch housing (non-rotating member)

Clutch cover

Clutch housing cover

Clutch driving disk

Clutch driven disk

Clutch driving disk stud

14

Clutch pressure plate (front and rear, if two — used on both disk

and plate clutches)

Clutch driven spider (or drum — driving and driven if two)
Clutch cork-inserts
(Facing, spring, thrust-bearing, etc., as under cone clutch)

Plate Clutch
Clutch driven plate
Clutch driving plate
Clutch pressure levers

(Other parts as under cone and disk clutches)
Group 2 — Releasing Parts
Clutch release sleeve

Clutch release shoe or clutch release bearing housing
Clutch release bearing
Clutch release fork
Clutch release fork shaft
Clutch pedal shaft
Clutch pedal adjusting link
Clutch release fork lever
Clutch pedal
Clutch pedal pad
Clutch brake
Clutch brake facing

DIVISION XI — TRANSMISSION

Group 1 — Transmission

Transmission case (upper half and lower half, if I ear ings seat in

both)

Transmission case cover
Clutch gear

Clutch gear bearing (front and rear if two)
Clutch gear bearing retainer
Countershaft

Countershaft front bearing (ii ball or roller)
Countershaft front bearing bushing (if plain bearing)
Countershaft front bearing retainer
Countershaft rear bearing retainer
Countershaft drive gear
Countershaft second-speed gear
Countershaft low-speed gear
Countershaft reverse gear
Reverse idler gear
Reverse idler gear shaft
Reverse idler gear bushing
Transmission shaft
Transmission shaft pilot bearing
Transmission shaft pilot bearing bushing (if plain)

15

Group 1 — Transmission — Continued

Transmission shaft rear bearing

Transmission shaft rear bearing retainer

Second and high sliding gear

Low and reverse sliding gear
Group 2 — Shifting Mechanism

High-gear shift fork

Low-gear shift fork

Reverse shift fork (if three are used)

High-gear shift bar

Low-gear shift bar

Reverse shift bar
Group 3 — Control

Gearshift bar selector

Gearshift lever shaft

Low gearshift connecting-rod

High gearshift connecting-rod

Gearshift hand lever ("hand" may be omitted)

Gearshift hand lever bracket ("hand" may be omitted)

Gearshift housing (center control)

Gearshift gate
Group 4 — Propeller-shaft

Propeller-shaft

Propeller-shaft front universal-joint (assembly — "propeller-shaft"
may be omitted)

Propeller-shaft rear universal-joint (assembly — "propeller-shaft"
may be omitted)

Propeller-shaft front bearing (with enclosed shaft)

Transmission shaft universal-joint flange (substitute name of any
other shaft on which flange is mounted)

Universal- joint flange yoke

Universal- joint slip yoke

Universal- joint plain yoke

Universal-joint center cross (ring or block)

Universal- joint bearing bushing

Universal- joint pin (may be designated as long and short, straight
and shoulder, etc.)

Universal-joint inner casing

Universal-joint outer casing

Universal-joint casing packing

Universal- joint casing nut

Universal- joint trunnion (for trunnion type joint)

Universal-joint trunnion block

16

DIVISION XII — REAR AXLE

General Types

Dead Axle — An axle carrying road wheels with no provision in the
axle itself for driving them.

Live Axle — General name for type of axle with concentric driving
shaft.

Plain Live Axle — Has shafts supported directly in bearings at
center and at ends, carrying differential and road wheels.

(The plain live axle is practically extinct.)

Semi-Floating Axle — Has differential carried on separate bearings,
the inner ends of the shafts being carried by the differential side
gears, and the outer ends supported in bearings.

The semi-floating axle shaft carries torsion, bending moment, and
shear. It also carries tension and compression if the wheel bearings
do not take thrust, and compression if they take thrust in only one
direction.

Three-Quarter Floating Axle — Inner ends of shafts carried as in
semi-floating axle. Outer ends supported by wheels, which depend on
shafts for alignment. Only one bearing is used in each wheel hub.

The three-quarter floating axle shaft carries torsion and the bend-
ing moment imposed by the wheel on corners and uneven road sur-
faces. It also carries tension and compression if the wheel bearings
are not arranged to take thrust.

Full-Floating Axle — Same as three-quarter floating axle except
that each wheel has two bearings and does not depend on shaft for
alignment. The wheel may be driven by a flange or a jaw clutch.

The full-floating axle shaft is relieved from all strains except
torsion, and in one possible construction, tension and compression.

Types of Axle Drive

The different types of live axle can be driven by Bevel Gear, Spiral
Bevel Gear, Worm, Double-reduction Gear or Single Chain.

In other constructions, the rear wheels are driven by Double Chains,
Internal Gears, or Jointed Cross-shaft.
Group 1 — Housing

Rear-axle housing (if one piece)

Right and left halves (if two pieces)

Bevel (or worm) gear housing' 1

Right rear-axle tube V (if three pieces)

Left rear-axle tube )

Rear-axle-housing cover

Differential carrier (bolted to housing)

Rear-axle spring-seat

Axle brake-shaft bracket (right and left)

17

Group 1 — Housing — Continued

Wheel brake-support, right and left ("wheel" may be omitted)

Wheel brake-shield ("wheel" may be omitted)
Group 2 — Torque-arm and Radius-rod

Radius-rods
Group 3 — Drive Pinion

Axle drive bevel pinion (or worm)

Axle drive pinion (or worm) shaft

Axle drive pinion front bearing

Axle drive pinion rear bearing

Axle drive pinion thrust-bearing

Axle drive pinion front bearing adjuster

Axle drive pinion front bearing adjuster lock

Axle drive pinion rear bearing adjuster

Axle drive pinion rear bearing adjuster lock

Axle drive pinion adjusting sleeve (containing both bearings)

Axle drive pinion (or worm) carrier
Group 4 — Differential

Axle drive bevel (or worm) gear

Differential

Differential case, right

Differential case, left

Differential side gear

Differential spider pinion ("spider" may be omitted)

Differential spider (or pinion shaft)

Differential bearing

Differential thrust-bearing

Differential bearing adjuster

Differential bearing adjuster lock
Group 5 — Axle Shafts

Axle shaft (right and left)

Axle shaft wheel-flange (or clutch)

DIVISION XIII — BRAKES

General

In the following list of brake parts the terms "outer" and "inner"
are used, being applicable to any case of two sets of brakes on the
rear wheels. Where the brakes are external and internal these terms
may be substituted for "outer" and "inner." Where one brake is
located at the wheels and the other at the transmission the terms
"wheel brake" and "transmission brake" should be substituted. With
other concentric or side-by-side brakes the terms "outer" and "inner"
should be retained, "outer" indicating in the latter case the ones
nearer the wheels.

The list is made up for external contracting and internal expand-
ing brakes. If both brakes are of one type the necessary changes
will be obvious. The designation of brake parts on the rear axle

18

as foot-brake or hand-brake parts, or by equivalent terms, is too
remote to be clear, especially in the case of stock axles whose brakes
may be connected either way according to chassis design. Nearly
the same condition prevails in regard to designating parts on the
chassis according to whether they are connected to the inner or outer
brakes at the axle.

The terms "service brake" and "emergency brake" should not be
used. Better designations are "foot brake" and "hand brake"; or
• if both brakes foot-operated, "right foot-brake" and "left foot-brake."
Group 1 — Outer Brake

Outer brake band

Outer brake band lining

Outer brake band adjusting nut (yoke, etc.)

Outer brake hand lever

Outer brake lever shaft

Outer brake shaft inner end lever

Outer brake shaft outer end lever
Group 2 — Inner Brake

Inner brake shoe (or band)

Inner brake shoe (or band) lining

Inner brake toggle (link, etc.)

Inner brake toggle lever

Inner brake toggle shaft

Inner brake cam

Inner brake camshaft

Inner brake camshaft (or toggle shaft) lever
Group 3 — Pedal (or outer) Brake Control

Outer brake rod

Outer brake rod yoke

Outer brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — right and left

Outer brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — right lever

Outer brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — left lever

Outer brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — center lever

Outer brake right equalizer lever

Outer brake left equalizer lever

Outer brake equalizer

Brake pedal

Brake pedal rod

Brake pedal rod yoke

Brake pedal pad

Brake pedal shaft

Group 4 — Hand (or inner) Brake Control
Inner brake rod
Inner brake rod yoke

Inner brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — right and left
Inner brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — right lever
Inner brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — left lever

19

Group 4 — Hand (or inner) Brake Control — Continued
Inner brake intermediate shaft (or tube) — center lever
Inner brake right equalizer lever
Inner brake left equalizer lever
Inner brake equalizer
Brake hand lever rod
Brake hand lever rod yoke
Brake hand lever
Brake lever segment (or sector)
Brake lever pawl
Brake pawl spring
Brake pawl button
Brake pawl finger lever
Brake pawl rod

DIVISION XIV — FRONT AXLE AND STEERING

Group 1 — Axle Center

Front axle center

Front spring seats

Front axle bushing
Group 2 — Steering-knuckles

Right steering-knuckle

Left steering-knuckle

Steering-knuckle bushing (upper and lower)

Steering-knuckle pivot

Steering-knuckle-pivot nut

Steering-knuckle thrust-bearing

Right steering-knuckle arm

Left steering-knuckle arm

Steering-knuckle gear rod arm
Group 3 — Steering-rods

Steering-knuckle tie-rod

Steering-knuckle tie-rod end

Steering-knuckle tie-rod clamp bolt

Steering-knuckle tie-rod pin

Steering-gear connecting-rod
Group 4 — Steering-gear

Steering-gear case

Steering-gear-case cover

Steering-gear bracket

Steering-gear arm

Steering-arm shaft (if separate from sector or other operating
member)

Steering-wheel rim

Steering-wheel spider

Steering-wheel tube (or shaft)

Spark and throttle sector

Spark and throttle sector tube

20

Spark hand-lever

Spark hand-lever tube (or rod)

Throttle hand-lever

Throttle hand-lever tube (or rod)

Steering-column tube (stationary)

Steering-column cowl (or dash or floor) bracket

The various bushings in the steering-column take names from
parts to which they are permanently fitted, being further distin-
guished as upper and lower, inner and outer, if necessary. Bushings
in the steering-gear case take names from the worm and sector or
other main operating parts which they support, as: Steering-gear
worm upper bushing; although the steering-wheel tube may be the
member which turns inside the bushing.

Steering worm

Steering-worm sector (or gear) ^(worm and sector gear)

Steering-worm shaft

DIVISION XV — WHEELS

Group 1— Front Wheels

Front wheel felloe

Front wheel felloe band

Front wheel rim

Rim bolts

Rim clamps

Front wheel hub

Front wheel hub-flanges

Front wheel hub-cap

Front wheel outer bearing

Front wheel outer bearing inner race

Front wheel outer bearing outer race

Front wheel outer bearing balls

Front wheel outer bearing ball retainer

Front wheel outer bearing rollers

Front wheel outer bearing roller cage

Front wheel inner bearing (parts same as outer bearing)

Front wheel bearing spacer

Front wheel bearing nut

Front wheel bearing lock nut

Front wheel bearing locking washer
Group 2 — Rear Wheels

Rear wheel hub

Rear wheel hub-flange

Rear wheel hub-cap

Rear wheel outer bearing

Rear wheel inner bearing

Wheel brake-drum

(Other parts named like front wheel parts)

21

DIVISION XVI — FRAME AND SPRINGS

Group 1 — Frame

Frame side member (right and left)

Front cross member

Rear cross member

Center cross member

(As above if only three cross members, as below if more tlian three)

First cross member

Second cross member, etc.

Sub-frame side member (right and left)

Sub-frame cross member (front and rear)

Right rear gusset (upper and lower)

(Gussets at other cross members named according to member)
Group 2 — Frame Brackets and Sockets

Front spring front bracket (right and left)

Front spring rear bracket (right and left)

Rear spring front bracket (right and left)

Rear spring rear bracket (right and left)

Running-board bracket (front, right, etc., if not duplicates)

Running-board bracket brace

Engine front support bracket

Engine rear support bracket

Torque-arm bracket

Radius-rod bracket
Group 3 — Front Springs

Front spring (right and left)

Front spring shackle

Front spring shackle-bolt (upper and lower)

Front spring front bolt

Front spring rebound-clip

Front spring seat

Front spring seat pad

Front spring clip

Front spring clip plate

Front spring center-bolt
Group 4 — Rear Springs

Rear springs (upper and lower for elliptic and three-quarter
elliptic)

Rear spring pivot bolt (or pin)"]

Rear spring pivot seat }<for half-elliptic cantilever spring)

Rear spring double shackled

Rear side spring Ufor platform spring)

Cross spring

(Other parts as for front springs)

22

DIVISION XVII — HOOD, FENDERS AND SHIELDS

Group 1 — Hood

Hood

Hood sill

Hood handle

Hood fastener

Hood fastener bracket (spring, lever, etc.)
Group 2 — Engine Shield

Engine shield

Engine shield fastener

Engine shield bracket (spring, etc.)
Group 3 — Fenders and Running-boards

Running-board (right and left)

Running-board linoleum covering

Running-board outside binding

Running-board inside binding

Running-board front binding

Running-board rear binding

Running-board shield (right and left)

Right front fender

Left front fender

Right rear fender

Left rear fender

Fender support socket

Right front fender front support

Right front fender rear support

(Other fender supports accordingly)
Group 4 — Windshield

(Names for windshield parts have not been selected)

DIVISION XVIII — BODY

Types of Bodies

Roadster — An open car seating two or three. It may have addi-
tional seats on running-boards or in rear deck.

Coupelet — Seats two or three. It has a folding top and full-height
doors with disappearing panels of glass.

Coupe — An inside operated, enclosed car seating two or three. A
fourth seat facing backward is sometimes added.

Convertible Coupe — A roadster provided with a detachable coupe top.

Clover Leaf — An open car seating three or four. The rear seat is
close to the divided front seat and entrance is only through
doors in front of the front seat.

Touring Car — An open car seating four or more with direct en-
trance to tonneau.

Salon Touring Car — A touring car with passage between front seats,
with or without separate entrance to front seats.

23

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
BERKELEY

Return to desk from which borrowed.
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.

S

'\pr52UJ
I Apr* 2Ll

LIBRA** USE
JUH

REC'D LD

P23'63-11AM

OCT 241987

AUTO. DISC
OCT 01 196

NOV | 5 1995

LD 21-100m-9,'48(B399sl6)476

* Names for parts in these groups have not been selected.

24

Gaylord Bros.
Makers

Syracuse, N. Y.
' PAT. JAN. 21, 1908

4 Mr '

YC 68269

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNI&tUBRARY x.